Nineth Annotation

11/25/08

http://www.nim.nankai.edu.cn/sschern/jiangxiang.htm

This is a primary source, this website had list many Chern's scholarship for those who were very good at math, and he had subscribed a part of his money to some school. In 2004, he gain $1000 thousand for his efforts on math, and contributed these money to some college which he had been work and study before.

Eighth Annotation

11/25/08

http://www.nim.nankai.edu.cn

This is a primary source, this article give me an idea of how the role of Chern Siomos theory in solving the fractional quantum Hall effect mystery. The Chern -Siomos theroy unifies the fractional quantum Hall with the well understood integral quantum Hall effect, in the process leading to the prediction and the subsequent discovery of a new class of topological fermions in nature.

Seventh Annotation

11/21/08

Chern-Simons Theory, Matrix Models, and Topological Strings


This is a primary source, this is a book about the above things in math, which detail the fomular for how to solve the Chern-Simons Theory, also other two theory, and how they work in math, but the formular is really hard for me to read, ,and understand what they were wrote about.

Sixth Annotation

11/18/08

Third In ternational Congress of Chinese Mathematicians


A Chinese Essay in Tribute to Professor Shiing-Shen Chern, found this page in a book called Third In ternational Congress of Chinese Mathematicians. This essay expressed how sad people were for the death of our one of the greatest person.

This is a seondary source, and this book help me to understand more mathematician in the past decade, who had contribute their whole life in the mathematical.

Final Draft

Shiing Shen Chern who was a Chinese American mathematician, whose name is immortalized in the "Chern classes" of differential geometry, he was born on October 26th, 1911 in JiaXing, China. One of the greatest geometers of the 20th century and a professor emeritus of mathematics at the University of California, Berkeley. He made many of successes in his life, which will affect us forever, such as Differential geometry which is the language of modern physics as well as an area of mathematical delight.


Professor Chern was living in the era of revolution in China, his father worked for government, in his early life, he had only one day of elementary school, four years at middle high school, and at aged 15 he skipped two grades to enter the Nankai University. He also studied at the University of Hamburg, where he received his doctorate in 1936, before spending a year at the Sorbonne in Paris. While undertaking graduate studies at Tsing Hua University, Peking, Chern became a really interest in differential geometry. During the period of 1934 to 1943, Chern made his three major dicisions that affect the rest of his life. In 1934, he earned a chance to study aboard, and he chose to went to Europe instead of U.S, because he had listened to the lecture of Blaschke’s when he was still in Peking in 1932, which attracted him most.


And then in 1936, use a postdoctoral fellowship for study in Europe to study with Elie Cartan in Paris. Later in 1943, at the end of World War II, Chern returned to China to the Institute of Mathematics at the Academia Sinica in Nanking, he made one of his most important decision in his life to accepted the invitation go to visit the Institute for Advanced Study (IAS) at Princeton, even it was a difficult time to travel. At Tsinghua, he married his wife Shih-Ning, the daughter of a professor, in Kunming in 1939.


He returned to teach in China, but the environment limited his contact with mathematicians outside the country, and Professor Chern left for Princeton University. He later taught at the University of Chicago and eventually became a naturalized U.S. citizen.


In 1975, he received the U.S. National Medal of Science Prize for his efforts on the geometry."He was a towering figure in 20th century mathematics," said UC Berkeley mathematics Professor Calvin Moore. "He reshaped differential geometry and introduced several fundamental tools."


Chern died of heart failure following a heart attack, in 2004, at aged 93 in Tianjin, China, even though he was died, he had left with a huge property for us. A large part of modern algebraic geometry would not exist without Chern classes, his efforts on geometry made scientists take a big step toward the new mathematical world.


Introduction


What is String Theory? First what is the world made of, ordinary matter is made of atoms, and atom is made of three part, proton, neutron, and with the electron arranged around them. But neutrons and protons are made of even smaller particles, known as quarks. The world has many secretes we hadn't found out yet. The essential idea behind string theory is this: all of the different 'fundamental ' particles of the Standard Model are really just different manifestations of one basic object: a string. This is a most famous theory in geometry field, and Chern made a prove of this theory, a Chinese American mathematician of the 20th century.

Fifth Annotation

11/06/08

http://www.ams.org/notices/199807/chern.pdf


This website gives me an interviews with Shing Shen Chern when he was still alive, and there was a poem written by Chern. This interview told a completed and detailed story of Chern's life.

Following is the poem written by Chern:


Physics and geometry are one family.

Together and holding hands they roam to the limits of outer space.

Black hole and monopole exhaust the secret of myths;

Fiber and connections weave to interlace the roseate clouds.

Evolution equations describe solitons;

Dual curvatures defines instantons.

Surprisingly, Math, has earned its rightful place for man and in sky;

Fondling flowers with a smile -- just wish nothing is said.



This is a primary source, because it had inclued some pictures which was taken by him, and this is a interview.